Purpose: Study in the U.S. for one year, most likely as a graduate student (during your third year of studies or later)
Scholarship covers: living expenses (for Vollstipendien), tuition, transportation (Teilstipendien require students to contribute 400 per month to their expenses)
Deadline for applications: June 15 of the year before you want to go to the U.S.
Application forms available from: Akademisches Auslandsamt
Scholarship covers: tuition only (no living expenses; recipients can apply for a Fulbright travel grant in addition to this scholarship; some schlolarships come with a teaching assistantship)
Deadline for applications: July 15 of the year before you want to go to the U.S.
Application forms available from: http://www.vdac.de -> "Student Exchange"
Purpose: Support for students or Fremdsprachenassistenten who spend a year in the U.S. under a different program, a direct exchange, or through private initiative
Scholarship covers: transportation, health and accident insurance
Deadline for applications: Fall of the year before you want to go to the U.S.
Application forms available from: Akademisches Auslandsamt
Students working on a B.A. thesis, a master's thesis, a schriftliche Hausarbeit for Staatsexamen, or a dissertation can apply for a DAAD scholarship for "Kurzfristige Studienaufenthalte für Abschlussarbeiten"
Purpose: Support for students wanting to gather material in the U.S. for a thesis which they are planning to hand in here
Scholarship covers: transportation, partial living expenses
Deadline for applications: Applications are accepted throughout the year
Application forms available from: Akademisches Auslandsamt
Purpose: Teach German at an American college, university, or high school for a year; spend about 20 hours per week working and use the rest of your time to study
For information on summer jobs and summer travel in the U.S.A., check the Gesellschaft für internationale Jugendkontakte at http://www.gijk.de and click on the link for "Work and Travel." This site also contains information on working in the U.S.A. as an au-pair. Under the headings "Camp America" and "Resort America" you will find information on working for 9 to 16 weeks in a summer camp or holiday resort.
For obtaining a three-month work permit (for a fee), check the Council on International Educational Exchange at http://www.ciee.org.