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Eighteenth-Century English. Ideology and Change
Eighteenth-Century English
Ideology and Change
Ed. Raymond Hickey Cambridge University Press, June 2010, 426 + xvi pages.
The aim of this book has been to bring together a group of those scholars working on aspects of late modern English. The volume is divided into thematic sections which deal with issues central to English in the eighteenth century. It begins with chapters on linguistic ideology and the grammatical tradition in England. This is connected to the rise of prescriptivism and also to the contribution of women to the writing of grammars. A further section looks at the interactions of writers at this time, at the manner in which they influenced each other and at modes of politeness in eighteenth-century discourse. The issue of grammatical variation, including that on a regional and dialectal level, is discussed in an ensuing section. The volume also contains an overview chapter on English lexicography in the eighteenth century and some chapters which examine developments in English which reached into the nineteenth century.
Book on Cambridge University Press website
Table of Contents
Attitudes and concerns in eighteenth-century English
RAYMOND HICKEY
Prescriptivism and the suppression of variation
JOAN BEAL
Women’s grammars
CAROL PERCY
Eighteenth-century women and their norms of correctness
INGRID TIEKEN-BOON VAN OSTADE
Lowth as an icon of prescriptivism
INGRID TIEKEN-BOON VAN OSTADE
Queeney Thrale and the teaching of English grammar
KARLIJN NAVEST
Coalitions, networks, and discourse communities in Augustan England:
The Spectator and the early eighteenth-century essay
SUSAN FITZMAURICE
Contextualizing eighteenth-century politeness: social distinction and metaphorical levelling
TERTTU NEVALAINEN AND HELI TISSARI
Expressive speech acts and politeness in eighteenth-century English
IRMA TAAVITSAINEN AND ANDREAS H. JUCKER
Variation and change in eighteenth-century English
RICHARD W. BAILEY
Variation in sentential complements in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century English: a processing-based explanation
TERESA FANEGO
Nationality and standardisation in eighteenth-century Scotland
CHARLES JONES
English in eighteenth-century Ireland
RAYMOND HICKEY
Changes and continuities in dialect grammar
BERND KORTMANN AND SUSANNE WAGNER
‘Be pleased to report expressly’: the development of a public style in late modern English business and official correspondence
MARINA DOSSENA
Registering the language - dictionaries, diction and the art of elocution
LYNDA MUGGLESTONE
References
Late Modern English language studies
RAYMOND HICKEY
Timeline for the eighteenth century
RAYMOND HICKEY
Indexes
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Varieties of English in Writing
Varieties of English in Writing
The Written Word as Linguistic Evidence
Ed. Raymond Hickey John Benjamins, October 2010, 378 + x pages.
The present volume has two major and related aims, one methodological and one documentary (1) Methodological aim: To discuss in the light of recent insights and methods in linguistics the problems and opportunities associated with documents of different varieties throughout the anglophone world when used as linguistic evidence. Such documents can be of a literary nature (as with dialect portrayal, for instance) or they can be non-fictional, for example with diaries, travelogues, official records, etc. (2) Documentary aim: To document the history of varieties in the anglophone world (both in the British Isles and overseas) and show how written documents have contributed to our picture of the emergernce of these varieties.
The concern of the current volume will primarily be with the assessing of written texts - both fictional and non-fictional - as linguistic evidence for earlier forms of varieties of English. The question of how genuine written representations are will be a central theme and the techniques and methodology which can be employed to determine this will be discussed up front.
Book on John Benjamins website
Table of contents
| Introduction | |
| Raymond Hickey | Linguistic evaluation of earlier texts |
| Part I: General and the British Isles | |
| Claudia Claridge and Merja Kytö | Non-standard language in earlier English |
| Philip Durkin | Assessing non-standard writing in lexicography |
| Katie Wales | Northern English in writing |
| Gunnel Melchers | Southern English in written documents |
| Derrick McClure | The distinctiveness of Scots: Perceptions and reality |
| Raymond Hickey | Irish English in early modern drama: The birth of a linguistic stereotype |
| Kevin McCafferty | Writing Ulster Irish |
| Part II: North America and the Caribbean | |
| Lisa Minnick | Dialect literature and English in the USA |
| Stefan Dollinger | Written sources for Canadian English |
| Bettina Migge and Susanne Mühleisen | Earlier Caribbean English and Creole in writing |
| Part III: The Southern Hemisphere | |
| Daniel Schreier and Laura Wright | Earliest St Helenian English in writing |
| Kate Burridge | Linguistic evidence for early Australian English |
| Elizabeth Gordon | Written evidence of early New Zealand English pronunciation |
The Blackwell Handbook of Language Contact
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Dialects of Irish. Study of a Changing Landscape
The Dialects of Irish
Study of a Changing Landscape
Raymond Hickey Mouton de Gruyter, May 2011, 505 + x pages.
The Dialects of Irish offers a comprehensive overview of forms of modern Irish within a general linguistic framework. Starting with information on the sociolinguistics of modern Irish and on the overall sound system of the language, it then proceeds with a tripartite division of the present-day language into northern, western and southern Irish. It gives specific information on the features of each dialect and considers many sub-divisions, using maps and tables to illustrate clearly what is the subject of discussion. There are several innovations in the book, such as a system of lexical sets which facilitate the description and analysis of variation and change in modern Irish.
The data for the book stems from recordings of more than 200 speakers and all the statements made about the structure of Irish are based on native speakers' speech samples. These are supplied on an accompanying DVD with a software interface which allows users to quickly orient themselves among the varieties of Irish via clickable maps.
A number of further issues are focused on in the book, such as the possibility of dialect reconstruction and the use of place-name evidence for determining the earlier distribution of Irish. Additional historical and background information is provided so that scholars and students without any previous knowledge of the language can readily grasp the themes and issues discussed.
Contents
| I | Introduction |
1 |
The Irish language today |
|
|
1 |
Phonology |
2 |
Phonological studies |
|
|
1. |
Background |
2. |
Collecting data on Irish dialects |
3. |
Features of dialects |
4. |
The prosody of Irish |
5. |
Dialect reconstruction |
6. |
Further variation |
|
|
1. |
History of Irish |
2. |
The orthography of Irish |
3. |
The transcription of Irish |
4. |
Samples of Spoken Irish |
|
|
|
References |
|
Indexes |
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Irish English. History and Present-Day Forms
Irish English
History and present-day forms
Raymond Hickey
Cambridge University Press, September 2007, 503 pages.
This book offers an overview of the history of Irish English from the late Middle Ages to the present-day. It deals with the English language in both the south of Ireland and Ulster (which contains Northern Ireland). Apart from presenting a factual overview of Irish English, emphasis has put been on issues which are of general interest to scholars in the field of variety studies. So there are chapters on current sociolinguistic developments in the capital Dublin as well as sections on language contact and shift in which various linguistic models are examined critically and evaluated. The use of Irish English in literature and the transportation of varieties of Irish English overseas during the colonial period are also dealt with.
Table of Contents
1 |
Introduction |
|
|
2.1 |
External developments |
2.2 |
Languages in medieval Ireland |
2.3 |
A singular document: the Kildare Poems |
2.4 |
The antiquarian temptation: Forth and Bargy |
|
|
3.1 |
Background |
3.2 |
Scottish and English immigration |
3.3 |
Ulster Scots |
3.4 |
Ulster English |
|
|
4.1 |
Language shift in Ireland |
4.2 |
The case for contact |
4.3 |
Structural features of Irish |
4.4 |
The grammar of Irish English |
4.5 |
Retention and convergence |
4.6 |
Ireland as a linguistic area |
|
|
5.1 |
The development of pronunciation |
5.2 |
Rural Irish English |
5.3 |
Supraregional Irish English |
5.1 |
Belfast |
5.2 |
Derry |
5.3 |
Coleraine |
5.4 |
Dublin |
5.5 |
The Irish English lexicon |
5.6 |
The pragmatics of Irish English |
|
|
6.1 |
The Irish in Britain |
6.1.1 |
Merseyside |
6.1.2 |
Tyneside |
6.1.3 |
Scotland |
6.2 |
The United States |
6.2.1 |
Ulster Scots in the United States |
6.2.2 |
19th century emigration |
6.2.3 |
African American English |
6.3 |
Canada |
6.3.1 |
Newfoundland |
6.3.2 |
Mainland Canada |
6.4 |
The Caribbean |
6.4.1 |
The case of Barbados |
6.5 |
Australia |
6.6 |
New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
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Dublin English. Evolution and Change
Dublin English
Evolution and change
Raymond Hickey
John Benjamins, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 2005, 270 pp. + CD-ROM
The intention of the present book is twofold. On the one hand it offers a description of the history of English in the capital of Ireland since it was first introduced to Dublin in the late 12th century and on the other hand the book describes the present-day varieties of English to be found in the city. All the historical data which is available is presented for linguistic analysis with a view to throwing light on Dublin English. This material consists in the main of emigrant letters and local letters by Dubliners and literary attestations of Irish English by Dublin writers as well as prescriptive comments on language in the capital by various authors such as the elocutionist Thomas Sheridan. The synchronic section of the book deals with the current changes in pronunciation which have characterised the development of Dublin English in the past decade or two. To this end the data from a broad-based survey of Dublin English is presented and analysed. The shifts in Dublin English are also placed in a wider context and compared with similiar contemporary changes in other major anglophone cities. The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM which contains a suite of powerful programmes and all the recordings of Dublin English used for the current book. The data consists of over 300 sound files, over 200 survey questionnaires and informants' maps and over 100 spoken assessment tests. By means of the supplied software users can examine the original data on their PC or Macintosh computer. The programmes offer an easy gateway to the data in the form of a tour of Dublin English as well as much background information on English in Dublin along with overview information on the language in the rest of Ireland. The software can be used in Windows programme form (with installation to hard disk) or in Java form (without any installation).
CONTENTS
Preface
I Investigating Dublin English
1 Introduction
1.1 Matters of terminology
1.2 The city of Dublin
1.3 Classifying Dublin English
2 Collecting data
2.1 Change in Dublin English: Collecting the data
2.2 Initial methods used
2.3 Conducting the interviews
2.4 Results of the data collection
2.5 Data and figures
2.6 Increasing the data base
2.7 Aim of the recordings
2.8 Organisation of the recordings
2.9 Obtaining recordings for Dublin English
2.10 Sample sentences with lexical sets
2.11 Free text
2.12 Word list
II English in present-day Dublin
1 Introduction
1.1 How can one tell a moderate Dublin accent?
1.2 The status of Received Pronunciation
1.3 The local Dublin speech community
1.4 Features of local Dublin accents
1.5 Additional data for local Dublin English
1.6 Markers of local Dublin English
2 Recent changes in Dublin English
2.1 Before and after the changes
2.2 In the beginning was Dublin 4
2.3 Why ‘Dortspeak’ failed
2.4 Demotic developments: the 1990s vowel shift
2.5 Details of the vowel shift
2.6 Arguments for and against the shift
2.7 Phonological interpretation
2.8 Participants in the vowel shift
2.9 Propagation of sound change
2.10 More on dissociation
2.11 The New Pronunciation
2.12 Irish, British and American English
2.13 Uncontentious features in Dublin English
2.14 The spread of new Dublin English
2.15 The gender issue
3 Attitudes to Dublin English
3.1 Assessment of speaker accents
3.2 Assessment results
3.3 Perception of dialect regions
3.4 Results of dialect divisions
3.5 Evaluation of dialect regions
4 The wider context
4.1 English in Belfast
4.2 English in Derry
4.3 Dublin and northern cities
4.4 Dublin and London
4.5 New towns and new suburbs
4.6 Non-native Dublin English
5 The grammar of Dublin English
5.1 Morphology
5.2 Syntax
5.3 A Survey of Irish English Usage
6 The vocabulary of Dublin English
6.1 Studies of the Irish English lexicon
6.2 Treatment of English lexis
6.3 Productive morphology
6.4 Vernacularity in Dublin English
6.5 Loanwords from Irish
6.6 Phrases and expressions
7 Placenames in Dublin
III Reaching back in time
1 The history of English in Ireland
1.1 The coming of the English
1.2 Spread of English
1.3 The situation in medieval Ireland
1.4 Renewed dominance of English
1.5 The eighteenth century
1.6 The nineteenth century
2 Letters as linguistic evidence
2.1 18th century letters
2.1.1 The Mahon letters
2.2 19th century letters
2.2.1 The Owens Letters
3 Literary texts as linguistic evidence
3.1 The plays of Dion Boucicault
3.2 The plays of Sean O’Casey
4 Prescriptive comments by Dublin authors
4.1 Thomas Sheridan
4.1.1 Sheridan’s system of pronunciation
4.1.2 Non-standard vowel values
4.1.3 Conditioned realisations
4.1.4 Word stress
4.1.5 Summary
4.2 Swift and Irish English
5 Early modern Dublin English
5.1 Parodies of Irish English
5.1.1 Stereotypical speech features
5.2 Municipal records from Dublin
6 Medieval Irish English
6.1 The Kildare Poems
6.2 The dialect of Fingal
6.3 The dialect of Forth and Bargy
7 Supraregionalisation
7.1 Vernacularisation
7.2 Extinct features
7.3 Retention of conditional realisations
7.4 Supraregional variety as standard
IV Guide to the CD-ROM
1.1 The Discover Dublin English programme
1.2 Other programmes in the suite
1.3 Troubleshooting file
1.4 Java version
V Lexical sets for Dublin English
VI Glossary
Maps
References
Index
Sound files referred to in book
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A Sound Atlas of Irish English
A Sound Atlas of Irish English
Raymond Hickey
Berlin/NewYork: Mouton de Gruyter, December 2004, 171 pages and DVD.
A Sound Atlas of Irish English offers a unique and comprehensive audio overview of the English language as spoken in present-day Ireland. In all, there are over 1,500 recordings which were made between the mid 1990s and 2002. The recordings cover both genders and all ages (from 11 to over 80). Each county of the 32 in Ireland is represented and there is a proper spread according to population. The capitals, Belfast and Dublin, have large numbers of speakers, making the sound atlas particularly suitable for sociolinguistic work within a variationist framework.
All the data can be accessed easily from the supplied DVD by means of a Java application which allows the user to browse among the data by county and to view and listen to lexical set realisations and free text. The DVD contains much additional information about Irish English — varieties, historical development, current distribution, etc. — as does the accompanying book which offers many details concerning specific features of forms of Irish English and information on the methodology used for the sound atlas. The software will run under any version of Windows as well as on Macintosh computers and under the Linux operating system. It may be, but need not be, installed to the hard disk of a computer.
A Sound Atlas of Irish English has basically a twofold purpose. It is on the one hand a research tool for those scholars who are interested in Irish English from an internal point of view, so to speak, and on the other hand it is a source of reliable and up-to-date information on the kinds of English spoken in Ireland and which can be used for comparative work, e.g. when looking at the sources of features found in varieties around the world, such as US English, Canadian, Australian/New Zealand English and the like. The sound atlas can be used by academics and students alike. The latter group is especially relevant in this context. With the sound atlas, students can gain a much clearer picture of Irish English by listening to the sound files.
The sound atlas is supplemented by A Survey of Irish English Usage which consists of over 1,000 questionnaires from speakers with information on the acceptance of grammatical features specific to Irish English. The data of the survey, along with analytical software, is contained on the DVD and discussed in the book.
From the preface to the book
This sound atlas offers a comprehensive audio overview of the English language as spoken in present-day Ireland. The data for the atlas was collected over several years during which the author travelled throughout the entire Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and collected anonymous samples of speech from representative speakers in both urban and rural settings and across at least three generations. The speakers in the sample are identified by gender, geographical location in Ireland and approximate age. The recordings were made on cassette tapes which were then digitised and compressed using the well-known MPEG Layer-3 method of sound file compression (often abbreviated to just ‘MP3’). The material recorded for each speaker consisted of at least a list of sample sentences all of which illustrate the lexical sets which are of interest in both northern and southern Irish English (see section II 5.1. Lexical sets for Irish English below). In many cases speakers also read a sample text which lasted approximately a minute and a half. This illustrates a more relaxed style as it is a continuous piece of text. Some speakers furthermore read a list of words which contain sounds critical for the present-day distribution of, and ongoing changes in Irish English. In all, there are over 1,500 recordings.
On the DVD accompanying this manual all sound files are to be found as well as appropriate software for listening to the recordings. In addition there is much information about Irish English, an introduction to the phonology of this variety, as well as various items of background information which might be of interest to users of the atlas. Particular attention should be paid to the extracts of sound files in which many of the salient features of Irish English are discussed and illustrated. Together with the overview of Irish English, this offers an appropriate first orientation to the material on the CD and to Irish English in general.
To install A Sound Atlas of Irish English you should run the setup program to be found in the root directory of the DVD. The setup procedure is similar to that for any other programme running in a Windows environment. Users of the DVD should be aware that it requires approximately 3.5 GB (3,500 MB) of free space on your hard disk if you choose to install the sound files. However, if you choose not to copy the sound files to your hard disk, then only 160 MB are required. You will then require the DVD to listen to the files. The programs and the data can be removed completely if you wish to do so at some later date. To listen to the recordings you will require a functioning soundcard in your computer with speakers or headphones attached.
On the accompanying DVD there is also a so-called Java version of the sound atlas. Basically, this consists of software written in the programming language used for files in the internet. The great advantage here is that this programme will run under Windows and also on an Apple Macintosh computer (as well as under the Linux operating system and older versions of Windows). To start the Java version double click on the file “000_Sound_Atlas.htm” (the first file in the root directory of the DVD) from within your file manager (on the desktop of the Macintosh or in the Windows Explorer). A programme will start showing a tree with options on the left of the screen and a window with information on the right corresponding to the currently active node. The opening screen shows a map of Ireland on the right with a list of the 32 counties. Choose a county from a list of sound files from speakers of that county and click on the ear symbol to listen to a recording. Users of the sound atlas should bear in mind that the Java version does not contain all the options present in the dedicated software written as a gateway to the atlas and which can be accessed by going through the setup procedure as described in the previous paragraph. But there are advantages to the Java version, not only that it is independent of computer type, as just mentioned, but also that it will run without installing any software or copying files from the supplied DVD to your computer.
Contents
I Data collection and analysis
1.Background to A Sound Atlas of Irish English
1.1. The beginnings with Dublin English
1.2. Conducting the interviews
1.3. Results of the data collection
2. Recordings for A Sound Atlas of Irish English
2.1. Aim of the recordings
2.1.1. Capturing variation
2.2. Organisation of the recordings
2.2.1. Getting low noise recordings
3. Analysing the recording exchanges
3.1. Minimising social distance for recordings
3.2. Effort and intrusion
3.3. Asking permission
3.4. Appeals for participant help
3.5. Righteous indignation and survey fatigue
3.6. Face of the informants
4. Background to A Survey of Irish English Usage
II The English language in Ireland
1. Introduction
1.1. Dialect divisions
1.2. Historical background
1.3. The medieval period
1.4. The early and late modern period
1.5. Language shift in early modern Ireland
1.6. Contact Irish English
1.7. Supraregionalisation
1.8. Vernacularisation
2. Varieties of Southern Irish English
2.1. The East Coast
2.2. The South-West and West
2.3. The Midlands
3. Varieties of Northern Irish English
3.1. Terminology
3.2. Ulster Scots
3.3. Delimiting Ulster Scots
3.4. Contrasting northern and southern Irish English
3.5. Interpreting features of Irish English
3.6. Ireland as a linguistic area
4. Urban English in Ireland
4.1. English in Dublin
4.1.1. Features of local Dublin English
4.1.2. Recent developments
4.1.3. The spread of the new Dublin accent
4.2. English in Belfast
4.2.1. Sources of Belfast English
4.3. English in Derry
5. Data categories for Irish English
5.1. Lexical sets for Irish English
5.2. Sample sentences used for A Sound Atlas of Irish English
5.3. Free text used for recordings
5.4. Word list for critical pronunciations in Dublin English
6. Extracts from sound files
6.1. The structure of file names
6.2. Statistics for sound files
6.3. Listening to sound files while reading
6.4. Vowels
6.4.1. Specific features of northern Irish English
6.5. Sonorants and approximants
6.5.1. Realisations of /l/
6.5.2. Realisations of /r/
6.5.3. Approximants
6.6. Obstruents [stops and fricatives]
6.7. Phonological processes
6.8. Intonation and stress patterns
III Processing software for atlas data
1. A Sound Atlas of Irish English
1.1. Java version
1.1.1. Statistics for the sound atlas
1.1.2. Lexical sets in the sound atlas
1.1.3. Listening to selected sound files
1.1.4. Additional material
1.1.5. Using other processing software
1.2. Windows version
1.2.1. Main programme
1.2.2. Command description
2. Further programmes
2.1. File Manager
2.2. Word Processor
2.3. Database Editor
2.4. Make Database
2.5. Report Form Generator
IV A Survey of Irish English Usage
1. Introduction
2. Processing software
3. The survey and Irish English
3.1. Analysis of questionnaire
3.2. Possible sources for features of Irish English
3.3. Questionnaire for A Survey of Irish English Usage
4. Java version of survey software
5. Tape-Recorded Survey of Hiberno-English Speech – Digital
V Technical notes
VI Glossary of computer terms
VII Timeline for Irish English
VIII Glossary for Irish English
References
Index
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Legacies of Colonial English. Studies in Transported Dialects
Legacies of Colonial English
Studies in transported dialects
Ed. Raymond Hickey Cambridge University Press, December 2004, 712 pages.
Contents
Introduction
Raymond Hickey
I Out of Britain
1) Dialects of English and their transportation
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
2) Scots and Scottish English
Caroline Macafee (Aberdeen)
3) Development and diffusion of Irish English
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
II The New World
1) The emergence of American English: Evidence from 17th-century records in New England
Merja Kytö (Uppsala)
2) The language of deported Londoners
Laura Wright (Cambridge)
3) Remnant dialects in the coastal United States
Walt Wolfram (North Carolina) and Natalie Schilling-Estes (Georgetown)
4) Verbal -s in the (African American) English Diaspora
Shana Poplack (Ottawa) and Sali Tagliamonte (York, England)
5) 'Canadian Dainty'. The rise and decline of Briticisms in mainland Canadian English
J. K. Chambers (Toronto)
6) The legacy of British and Irish English in Newfoundland
Sandra Clarke (St John's, Newfoundland)
7) The English dialect heritage of the Southern United States
Edgar Schneider (Regensburg)
8) Solving Kurath's Puzzle. Establishing the Antecedents of the American Midland Dialect Region
Michael Montgomery (South Carolina)
9) English dialect input to the Caribbean
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
III The Southern Hemisphere
1) English input to South Africa
Roger Lass (Capetown)
2) English transported to the South Atlantic Ocean: Tristan da Cunha
Daniel Schreier (North Carolina)
3) English on the Falklands
Andrea Sudbury (Colchester)
4) English input to Australia
Scott Kiesling (Pittsburgh)
5) English input to New Zealand
Elizabeth Gordon (Canterbury) and Peter Trudgill (Fribourg)
6) English input to the English-lexicon pidgins and creoles of the Pacific
Suzanne Romaine (Oxford)
IV English in Asia
1) Englishes in Asia and Africa: origin and structure
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
2) South Asian Englishes
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
3) South-East Asian Englishes
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
IV Appendixes
1) Checklist of dialect features
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
2) Glossary of terms
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
3) General references
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
4) Timeline for varieties of English
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
5) Maps of anglophone locations
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
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Corpus Presenter. Software for Language Analysis
Corpus Presenter,
Software for Language Analysis
With a manual and A Corpus of Irish English as sample data
John Benjamins, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 2003, 292 pp. + CD-ROM
There is now a special website which is dedicated to Corpus Presenter. It contains all the information you need, for example about how to use the programme to greatest benefit, how to download updates, etc.
Click on this link: Corpus Presenter website
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Motives for Language Change
Motives for Language Change Ed. Raymond Hickey Cambridge University Press, 2003, ix, 286 pages.
In a series of 15 chapters a variety of issues in language change are dealt with by different authors. The contributions are grouped thematically and include the following divisions 1) The phenomenon of language change, 2) Linguistic models and language change, 3) Grammaticalisation, 4) The social context for language change, 5) Contact-based explanations, 6) The typological perspective. The approaches employed by the contributors vary, some are model-oriented while others are largely data-driven, reflecting the eclectic nature of research in the field.
Contents
Introduction
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
I The phenomenon of language change
1) On change in ‘E-language’
Peter Matthews (Cambridge)
2) Formal and functional motivation for language change
Frederick J. Newmeyer (University of Washington)
II Linguistic models and language change
3) Metaphors, models and language change
Jean Aitchison (Oxford)
4) Log(ist)ic And Simplistic S-curves
David Denison (Manchester)
5) Regular Suppletion
Richard Hogg (Manchester)
6) On not explaining language change: Optimality theory and the Great Vowel Shift April McMahon (Sheffield)
III Grammaticalisation
7) Grammaticalization: Cause or effect?
David Lightfoot (Maryland)
8) From subjectification to intersubjectification Elizabeth Traugott (Stanford)
IV The social context for language change
9) On the role of the speaker in language change
James Milroy (Michigan)
V Contact-based explanations
10) The quest for the most ‘parsimonious’ explanations: endogeny vs. contact revisited Markku Filppula (Joensuu)
11) Diagnosing prehistoric language contact
Malcolm Ross (Canberra)
12) The Ingenerate Motivation of Sound Change
Joseph C. Salmons & Gregory K. Iverson
13) How do dialects get the features they have? On the process of new dialect formation
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
VI The typological perspective
14) Understanding language history: the contribution of typology
Bernard Comrie (Leipzig)
15) Reanalysis and typological change
Raymond Hickey (Essen)
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Collecting Views on Language Change
Collecting views on language change
Special issue of Language Sciences, 2002 (24:1), 302 pages.
Introduction
Raymond Hickey
1) The development of ‘strengthened’ possessive pronouns in English
Cynthia Allen
2) On the prehistory of Old English hlfædige
Alfred Bammesberger
3) Northern fronting and the north Lincolnshire merger of the reflexes of ME /u:/ and ME /o:/
Derek Britton
4) Sexist German - non-sexist English or non-sexist German - sexist English? Historical observations on a pragmatic question
Christiane Dalton-Puffer and Dieter Kastovsky
5) Inflections in the two manuscripts of Lagamon's Brut
Jacek Fisiak and Marcin Krygier
6) Servant or patron? Jacob Tonson and the language of deference and respect
Susan Fitzmaurice
7) Internal and external factors again: Word order change in Old English and Old Irish
Raymond Hickey
8) Corpus-provoked questions about negation in early Middle English
Margaret Laing
9) Exaptation and English stress
Chris McCully
10) Endogeny versus contact revisited: Aspectual busy in South African English
Rajend Mesthrie
11) Morphological case and word order in Old English
Susan Pintzuk
12) Fairly pretty or pretty fair? On the development and grammaticalisation of English downtoners
Matti Rissanen and Terttu Nevalainen
13) The Modal Elements maskie and mos in Cape Dutch
Paul Roberge
14) Of vowel shifts great, small, long and short
Herbert Schendl and Nikolaus Ritt
15) Middle French: When? What? Why?
John Charles Smith
16) Interpreting the Old and Middle English close vowels
Robert Stockwell and Donka Minkova
17) Robert Lowth and the strong verb system
Ingrid Tieken
18) Code-intermediate phenomena in medieval mixed-language business texts
Laura Wright
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A Source Book for Irish English
A Source Book for Irish English
Raymond Hickey
Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002, xii, 541 pages + CD-ROM.
Goto publishers' page at John Benjamins, Amsterdam
A whole range of references relating to Irish English in all its aspects are gathered together here and in the majority of cases annotations are supplied. The book also has a detailed introduction dealing the history of Irish English, the documentation available and contains an overview of the themes in Irish English which have occupied linguists working in the field. Various appendixes offer information on the history of Irish English studies and biographical notes on scholars from this area. All the bibliographical material is contained on the accompanying CD-ROM along with appropriate software for processing the databases and texts in which this material is contained. The databases are fully searchable, information can be exported at will and customised extracts can be created by users.
Foreword
I An historical outline
1 Matters of terminology
2 External history of Irish English
2.1 Initial settlement
2.1.1 Spread of English
2.1.2 The linguistic situation in medieval Ireland
2.2 Renewed dominance of English
2.2.1 Transplantation and transportation
2.3 The eighteenth century
2.3.1 Hedge schools
2.3.2 The ascendancy
2.4 The nineteenth century
3 English in the north of Ireland
3.1 Emigration from Ulster
4 Documents for the first period
4.1 Medieval period
4.2 Manuscripts of the medieval period
4.2.1 English texts
4.2.2 French (Anglo-Norman) texts
5 Forth and Bargy
5.1 Link with medieval Irish English
II Research themes
1 Approaching the field
2 The history of Irish English
3 Retention versus contact
4 Linguistic levels
5 Varieties of Irish English
6 Irish English as non-standard English
7 Relationships abroad
III Annotated bibliography
1 English in Ireland
1.1 A first orientation
1.1.1 Questions of nomenclature
1.1.2 Bibliographies of Irish English
1.1.3 Linguistic surveys of Irish English
1.2 Overviews and general works
1.2.1 Overviews of Irish English
1.2.2 Works with remarks on Irish English
1.3 Regional and sociolinguistic studies
1.3.1 Regional studies of Irish English
1.3.2 The language of Dublin
1.3.3 Sociolinguistic treatments
1.4 The historical dimension
1.4.1 Medieval Irish English
1.4.2 The dialect of Forth and Bargy
1.4.3 The early modern period
1.4.3.1 Thomas Sheridan
1.4.4 The nineteenth century
1.5 Contact and borrowing
1.5.1 Contact between Irish and English
1.5.2 The influence of Irish on English
1.5.3 The influence of English on Irish
1.6 Linguistic levels
1.6.1 The phonology of Irish English
1.6.2 The morphology of Irish English
1.6.3 Syntax of Irish English
1.6.4 Tense, mood and aspect
1.6.5 The lexicon of Irish English
1.7 The language of literature
1.7.1 General works
1.7.2 Works on 'Stage Irish'
1.7.3 The term 'Brogue'
1.8 The language of individual authors
1.8.1 Swift
1.8.2 Synge
1.8.3 O'Casey
1.8.4 Joyce
1.9 Non-linguistic studies
1.10 The North of Ireland
1.10.1 The history of English in Ulster
1.10.2 Ulster Scots English
1.10.3 General studies
1.10.4 Individual descriptions
1.10.5 Sociolinguistic studies
1.10.6 The language of Belfast
1.10.7 Lexical studies
1.10.8 Non-linguistic works
1.10.9 Works on Ulster Irish
1.10.10 Dedicated collections
2 Extra-territorial varieties
2.1 The Celtic regions
2.1.1 Scotland
2.1.1.1 General studies
2.1.1.2 Scots
2.1.1.3 Scottish lexicography
2.1.1.4 Gaelic and English contact
2.1.1.5 Norn
2.1.2 Wales
2.1.3 Manx English
2.1.4 The South-West
2.1.5 Dedicated collections
2.2 Mainland England
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Dialect studies
2.2.3 Scouse
2.2.4 Tyneside
2.2.5 Dedicated collections
2.3 Atlantic
2.3.1 North America
2.3.1.1 Immigration to the New World
2.3.1.2 Canada
2.3.1.2.1 Newfoundland
2.3.1.3 United States
2.3.1.3.1 Appalachia
2.3.1.3.2 African American Vernacular English
2.3.2 Caribbean
2.3.2.1 Creoles
2.3.3 Dedicated collections
2.4 The Southern Hemisphere
2.4.1 Africa and Asia
2.4.2 Australia and New Zealand
2.4.3 Dedicated collections
3 Additional languages
3.1 The Celtic background
3.1.1 Celtic
3.1.2 Irish
3.1.3 Scottish Gaelic
3.1.4 Manx
3.1.5 Welsh
3.1.6 Cornish
3.1.7 Breton
3.1.8 Onomastics
3.2 Minor languages in Irish history
3.2.1 Norse
3.2.2 Flemish
3.2.3 Anglo-Norman
3.2.4 Shelta, Polari and Romani
3.3 Irish in contemporary Ireland
3.3.1 Bilingualism
3.3.2 Education
3.3.3 Language planning
4 General reference
4.1 The cultural and historical setting
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 The arts
4.1.3 Geography
4.1.4 Politics
4.1.5 History
4.2 Literature in Ireland
4.2.1 The Irish tradition
4.2.2 Writers and writings in English
IV Appendixes
1 Journals
2 Biographical notes
3 Institutions, associations
4 Conferences on Irish English
5 Dates in the history of Irish English
6 Outline of Irish history
7 Glossary
8 Maps
V Index
VI Retrieval software
Update for A Source Book for Irish English
The file accessible via the following link contains a number additional bibliographical items which have been collected since the Source Book for Irish English went to press. Because a bibliography is an open-ended matter, anyone interested in Irish English should keep an eye on this part of the website for new references to books or articles from the field of Irish English.
Download update file (Source_Book_Update.rtf)