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Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6717039 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6717039
- Bederna, Benedikt Gregor and Schmidt, Eike and Folkers, Steffen and Niedermeier, Klarissa and Xu, Yixia and Schuster, Sebastian and Thomas, Christiane, Evaluation of a Carnot battery trade-off concept between efficiency and the amount of components based on transcritical cycles and a packed-bed thermal energy storage. Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6756059
- Zendel, Lauritz and Stelzer, Jonathan and Dammel, Frank and Fichtner, Wolf and Stephan, Peter. Market-Based Optimization of the Energy-to-Power Ratio of a Latent Thermal Energy Storage unit based Carnot Battery (July 28, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6034394 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6034394
- B. Bederna, Ch. Thomas. First experimental investigation of the Recuperative Two-Phase heat pump Cycle. TechRxiv. January 28, 2026. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.176964093.37805224/v1
- Simon Schmeing, Alexandra Welp, Burak Atakan. Experimental investigation of a heat pump coupled to a thermal storage for charging a Carnot battery. TechRxiv. December 03, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.176478421.10869135/v1
- Thomsen, Jonas and Brendel, Rolf and Hanke-Rauschenbach, Richard and Bensmann, Astrid and Niepelt, Raphael, Estimating break-even costs of emerging storage technologies via inverse optimization: A case study on Carnot Batteries. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5741190 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5741190
- Atakan, Burak, Thermodynamic Analysis of Carnot Batteries:Storage Temperatures, Sensitivities, and Optimal Parameters. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4770381 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4770381
