Employment careers of men and women with low pension entitlements

We analyse employment careers of men and women with low pension entitlements in spite of long employment / insurance careers (30 years and more) and investigate the structure of risks which result in low pension entitlements. We also analyse effects of compensating mechanisms which exist – but have changed profoundly over time – for risks of being not able to pay pension contributions from employment, for instance due to family work (raising children, non-professional care work for family members) or short-term unemployment. Analyses are based on complex representative microdata which link social security records from both the German Pension Insurance Fund and the Unemployment Insurance.