Many contemporary energy and transport systems, as well as chemical industries, are primarily based on fossil fuels either directly or as the feedstock for other valuable materials. The limited quantity of these nonrenewable materials, coupled with their deeply negative environmental impact, has resulted in demand for new concepts and advanced catalysts which are presently implemented and researched primarily on a small, often non-industrial scale. The existing industry and transport infrastructure can be preserved by using synthetic fuels with biomass or CO2 as feedstock. New energy storage materials and advanced batteries can help to extend the electricity infrastructure. The concept of the hydrogen economy combines the production, distribution, storage, and consumption of energy in a decentralized way. Deep understanding of these processes will be crucial for their optimization and up-scaling to industrial standards.
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